कोई दीवाना कहता है कोई पागल समझता है
मगर धरती की बैचेनी को बस बादल समझता है।
मैं तुझसे दूर कैसा हूँ, तू मुझसे दूर कैसी है
ये तेरा दील समझता है या मेरा दील समझता है।
मुहब्बत एक अहसासों की पावन सी कहानी है
कभी कबीरा दीवाना था, कभी मीरा दीवानी है।
यहाँ सब लोग कहते हैं, मेरी आंखों में आँसू हैं
जो तू समझे तो मोती है , जो ना समझे तो पानी है।
समंदर पीर का अम्बर है लेकीन रो नहीं सकता
ये आंसू प्यार का मोती है इसको खो नहीं सकता
मेरी चाहत को दुल्हन तू बना लेना मगर सुनले
जो मेरा हो नहीं पाया वो तेरा हो नहीं सकता
भ्रवर कोई कुमद्दीनी पर मचल बैठा तो हंगामा
हमारे दील में कोई खवाब पल बैठा तो हंगामा
अभी तक डूब कर सुनते थे सब कीस्सा मोहब्बत का
मै कीस्से को हकीक़त में बदल बैठा तो हंगामा

जींदगी की असली उड़ान अभी बाकी है
हमारे इरादों का इम्तीहान अभी बाकी है।
अभी तो नापी है सीर्फ मुट्ठी भर ज़मीन
आगे सारा आसमान अभी बाकी है ॥...

लहरों से डर कर नौका पार नहीं होती,

MERI ANKHON MEIN

Mere Bistar Pe So Raha Hai Koi
Meri Ankhon Mein Jaagta Hai Koi

In Pahado Mein Rehte Hain Humzaad
Bol Kar Dekh Bolta Hai Koi

Aaj Main Jagoonga Ki Sote Hue
Meri Palko Ko Choomta Hai Koi

Mera Shaitan Mar Gaya Shayad
Mere Seene Pe So Raha Hai Koi

Rang Ye Bhi Bahut Purana Hai
Sochta Koi, Bolta Hai Koi

Saath Pardon Mein Chup Ke Dekh Liya
Kapde Badlo To Dekhta Hai Koi

ITNI SIYAH RAAT

Taaro Ki Chilmano Se Koi Jhankta Bhi Ho
Is Kaynaat Mein Koi Manzar Naya Bhi Ho

Itni Siyah Raat Mein Kisko Sadayein Doon
Aisa Chirag De Jo Kabhi Bolta Bhi Ho

Rango Ki Kya Bahar Hai Pathar Ke Baag Mein
Lekin Meri Jameen Ka Ik Hissa Hara Bhi Ho

Uske Liye To Maine Yahan Tak Duayein Ki
Meri Tarah Se Koi Use Chahta Bhi Ho

Every moment is precious 

to realize the value of

One year                :       Ask a student who has failed in his exam.

One month              :       Ask a mother who has given birth a 

                                        premature baby.

One week               :       Ask an editor of weekly periodical.

One day                  :       Ask daily wage labour.

One hour                :       Ask the lovers who waiting to meet one another.

One minute             :       Ask the person who missed the flight / train / bus.

One second            :       Ask – some one who survived and

                                        accident.

One mili second     :       Ask the sprinter who missed the gold medal in Olympics.

so, Tresure every moment you have !

                        Yesterday is History.

                        Tomorrow is mystery.

                        But Today is a gift.

                        So we all it “PRESENT.”

the different types of hazards

There are three types of hazards.

                              [1]  Structural hazards

                              [2]  Data hazards

                              [3]  Control hazards

                  [1] STRUCTURAL HAZARDS

                                    When a machine is pipelined the overlapped execution of instructions requires pipelining of functional units and duplication of resources to allow all possible combinations of instructions in the pipeline. If some combinations of instructions cannot be accommodated because of resource conflicts, the machine is said to have a structural hazard. The most common instances of structural hazards a lies when some functional units is not fully pipelined Then a sequence of instructions using that not pipelined unit cannot proceed at the rate of one per clock cycle. Another common way that structural hazards appear is when some resource has not been duplicated enough to allow all combinations of instructions in the pipeline to execute.  

                        For Example

                                    A machine may have only one register. File write part but under certain circumstances the pipeline might want to perform two writes in a clock cycle.

                                   

                  [2] DATA HAZARDS

                                   

                                    A major effect of pipelining is to change the relative timing of instructions by overlapping their execution. This introduces data and control hazards. Data hazards occur when the pipeline changes the order or read/ write accesses to operands. So, that the order differs from the order seen by sequentially executing instructions on not pipelined machine.

                 

                  [3] CONTROL HAZARDS

                                               

                                    Control hazards can cause a greater performance loss than the data hazards when a branch is executed. It may or may not change the PC to something other than its current value recall that if a branch changes the PC to its forget address, it is a taken branch, if it falls through. It is not taken branch then the PC is normally not until the end of MEM, after the completion of the address calculation and comparison.

                                    The simplest method of dealing with branches is to stall the pipeline as soon as we detect the branch until we reach the MEM stage, which determines the new PC of course. We do not want to saw the pipeline until we know that the instruction is a branch.

What is Pipelining? Explain the principles of pipelining

Pipelining is an implementation technique where by multiple instructions are overlapped in execution. Today pipeline is the key implementation technique used to make fast scopes.

                 

                  PRINCIPLES OF PIPLINING

                                    Assembly lines have been widely used in automated industrial plenty in order to increase productivity their original form is a flow line of assembly stations where items are assembled continuously from separate parts along a moving conveyor belt. Ideally all the assembly stations should have equaled processing speed otherwise the slowest station becomes the bottleneck of the entire pipe. This bottleneck problem plus the congestion caused by improper buffering may result in many idle stations waiting for new parts. The a proper sequence of subtasks becomes a crucial factor in determining the performance of the pipeline.

                                    The precedence relation of a set of subtasks [ T1, T2, … TK] for a given task T implies that some task Tj cannot start until some earlier task Ti [Kj] finishes the inter dependencies of all substasks form the precedence graph with a line precedence relation. Task Tj cannot start until all easies subtasks {Ti, for all K=J} finish a liner pipeline can process a succession of subtasks with a inter precedence graph. The stages are pure combinational circuits performing arithmetic or logic operations over the data stream flowing through the pipe. The stages are separated high-speed interface latches separate the stages. The latches are fast registers for holding the intermediate results between the stages. 

Addressing Modes

(A)        REGISTER MODE

                 

                     The operand is the contents of a processor register the name (address) of the register is given in the instruction processor register are used as temporally storage locations. Where the data in a register are accessed using the register mode.

(B)       ABSOLUTE MODE

                 

                     The operand is in a memory location the address of this location is given explicitly in the instruction. The absolute mode can represent global variables in program a declaration such as integer A.B; in a high level language program will cause the complier to allocate a memory location to each of the variables A and B.

(C)       IMMEDIATE MODE

                 

                     The operand is given explicitly in the instruction address and data constants can be represented in assembly language using the immediate mode.

For example

         The instruction move 200 immediate, replaces the value 200 in register or clearly the immediate mode is only used to specify the value of a source operand.

                     Using a subscript to denote the immediate mode is not appropriate in assembly languages. A common collection is to use the sharp Sign (#) in front of the value to indicate that this value is to be used as an immediate operand.

(D)       INDIRECT MODE

                 

                     The effective address of the opened is the contents of register or memory location whose address appears in the instruction we denote indirection by pacing the name of the register or the memory address.