TCP / IP

The TCP/IP model, or Internet Protocol Suite, describes a set of general design guidelines and implementations of specific networking protocols to enable computers to communicate over a network. TCP/IP provides end-to-end connectivity specifying how data should be formatted, addressed, transmitted, routed and received at the destination. Protocols exist for a variety of different types of communication services between computers.

v     Across the internet, hundreds of different programs run on innumerable computers and operating systems.

v     For such programs to interact correctly they must follow a set of rules. These rules are called protocols.

v     A protocol is a formal description of message format and the rules two or more computers must follow to exchanges those messages.

v     Protocols can describe the low-level details of computer – to – computer interfaces. The TCP/IP is a suite of protocols used in the internet.

v     TCP/IP is a set of rules that an application can use to package its information for searching across the network or networks.

v     The OSI reference model has seven layers.

1.     Application

2.     Presentation

3.     Session

4.     Transport

5.     Network

6.     Data link

7.     Physical

v     The internet uses the TCP/IP as its protocol engine and this uses only five of the ISO/OSI layer set application, transport, network, data line and physical.